I feel that I should comment on this as I am a prosecutor. Keep in mind, however, a) it is late and b) i just ran 4 miles SO this probably will not be my opus.
I don’t think any of this can be looked at strictly from an economic point of view. It’s incorrect and dishonest to argue that our criminal system is simply designed for utilitarian, cost-benefit purposes. It’s very clearly designed (at least in very substantial part) to relieve human desire for vengeance and retribution.
Rehabilitation is a very nice idea and I certainly believe many people in prison can be rehabilitated if given the education and tools to be productive members of society. Unfortunately, prison rarely provides what is necessary for many individuals to accomplish this rather lofty goal and many simply cannot change. Some can, but the vast majority cannot. This obviously does not take into account incarcerated individuals with personality disorders or those who are sexual predators who, in my experience, are biologically incapable of altering their problematic behaviors and are therefore best kept locked away.
As for the death penalty, I am more worried about individuals sent to death row 25 years ago than those sent being sent today. Forensic science has greatly advanced and is an incredible tool for use by both the State and the defense. I also feel that there are many opportunities today to individuals on death row who have been wrongly convicted than there have been previously: there are many, many pro-bono organizations which devote resources and time into investigating the inmate’s claims of innocence. They review trial transcripts, DNA evidence, witness testimony, you name it as well as file appeals, etc. I think all of this leads to fewer innocent individuals being executed. It is excellent that these groups are dedicating private resources to this type of post-conviction investigation work as it is both expensive and time-consuming and not really feasible for a state. Personally, I think states ought to sub-contract out this type of work to private companies to ensure “absolute guilt” but that’s not going to happen any time soon.
It’s also worth noting that people are no longer sentenced to death by a judge, but instead are required to be sentenced by a jury of their peers to accord with due process concerns.
All of this being said, I can honestly say I believe some people deserve to die. I was raised Catholic and probably shouldn’t feel this way but I would be lying if I said otherwise. I also sometimes feel that I don’t care how much it costs to execute the monster if it gives his or her victim’s family some sense of peace. On the other hand, I am not sure that an eye for an eye is the way a civilized society ought to live and I was repulsed at these vengeance honor-shame values I encountered while working abroad. I am constantly surprised by the grace and dignity of victims and their families who forgive their aggressor and ask for leniency.
I work with monsters. The things people do to their wives, children, neighbors, and convenience store clerks are absolutely horrific and horrendous. They make you shake with rage and stutter in disbelief. There’s no easy answer.